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1.
Odovtos (En línea) ; 25(2)ago. 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448743

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to compare the average distances from the root apices of the first molars, second molars, and second premolars to the mandibular canal according to sex in the Peruvian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Eighty CBCT scans of Peruvian patients aged from 15-80 years were examined. After locating the mandibular canal, measurements of the vertical distances from the mandibular canal to the apices of the second premolars, as well as the first molars and second molars, were made. For the statistical analysis, Student's t test was used for both paired and unpaired samples, with a significance level of p0.05) between the distances from the apices of the second premolars and the first and second molars to the mandibular canal. However, for the second premolars and second molars on the left side, the values were higher, with averages of 5.52mm and 3.75mm, respectively. The mesial roots of the second molars were closer to the mandibular canal. In addition, women showed shorter distances than men.


El propósito de este estudio fue comparar las distancias promedio desde los ápices radiculares de primeros molares, segundos molares y segundos premolares al canal mandibular según sexo en la población peruana mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC). Se examinaron 80 tomografías CBCT de pacientes peruanos con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y 80 años. Luego de ubicar el canal mandibular, se realizaron mediciones de las distancias verticales desde el canal mandibular hasta el ápice de los segundos premolares mandibulares, así como de los primeros molares y segundos molares. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba t de Student para muestras pareadas y no pareadas con un nivel de significación de p0.05) entre las distancias desde los ápices de los segundos premolares mandibulares y los primeros y segundos molares al canal mandibular. Sin embargo, para los segundos premolares y segundos molares en el lado izquierdo, los valores fueron más altos con un promedio de 5,52mm y 3,75mm, respectivamente. Las raíces mesiales de los segundos molares estaban más cerca del canal mandibular. Además, las mujeres mostraron distancias más cortas que los hombres.

2.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 59(2): e4293, abr.-jun. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408392

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En el ámbito odontológico es muy común el uso de radiografías intraorales, extraorales e incluso de tomografías computarizadas volumétricas. Las radiografías intraorales presentan una baja dosis de radiación en comparación con las tomografías computarizadas volumétricas que pueden emitir una mayor dosis de radiación con cierto grado de riesgo para los pacientes. A pesar de que se conoce sobre la importancia del uso del consentimiento informado y los riesgos durante estos procedimientos, muy poco se ha reportado sobre la utilización del consentimiento informado en radiología oral y maxilofacial. Objetivo: Analizar los beneficios y los retos de usar el consentimiento informado en radiología odontológica. Comentarios principales: Actualmente, no existe un consenso claro en la comunidad odontológica sobre si se debe obtener el consentimiento informado del paciente antes de que se someta a un examen de imagen con radiación ionizante. Su aplicación de manera repetitiva o prolongada podría afectar al paciente a largo plazo. Consideraciones globales: Existe un consenso universal en resaltar la importancia del consentimiento informado en todo el ámbito de la salud. Sin embargo, en la práctica, su realización puede conllevar ciertas dificultades, tales como la identificación del responsable de su realización, el tiempo que lleva ejecutarla y la preocupación por causar un miedo innecesario en el paciente. Si estas dificultades logran ser superadas, podremos ver los beneficios de tener un consenso claro para la utilización de un consentimiento informado en el área odontológica(AU)


Introduction: In the dental field, the use of intraoral, extraoral and even volumetric computed tomography is very common. Intraoral X-rays have a low dose of radiation compared to volumetric CT scans that can emit a higher dose of radiation with some degree of risk to patients. Although the importance of the use of informed consent and the risks during these procedures are known, very little has been reported about the use of informed consent in oral and maxillofacial radiology. Objective: Analyze the benefits and challenges of using informed consent in dental radiology. Main Comments: Currently, there is no clear consensus in the dental community on whether the patient's informed consent should be obtained before they undergo an imaging examination with ionizing radiation. Its application repetitively or prolongedly could affect the patient in the long term. Global considerations: There is a universal consensus to highlight the importance of informed consent in the entire field of health. However, in practice, its realization can lead to certain difficulties, such as the identification of the person responsible for its implementation, the time it takes to execute it and the concern to cause unnecessary fear in the patient. If these difficulties can be overcome, we can see the benefits of having a clear consensus for the use of informed consent in the dental area(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Radiation, Ionizing , Informed Consent , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods
3.
Rev. cient. odontol ; 9(1): e048, ene.-mar. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1254400

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años, se ha incrementado el porcentaje de colocación de implantes dentales y, con ello, también la mayor presencia de eventos adversos, por lo que las complicaciones no son infrecuentes. La gran mayoría de recomendaciones para la reducción de complicaciones asociadas con la colocación de implantes dentales están analizadas desde el punto de vista de sus causas directas, juzgando la técnica o al individuo, pero no al sistema en conjunto, cuando este constituye la etiología real de las complicaciones. Recientemente, se ha empezado a considerar más importante la inclusión de los factores humanos y la conciencia de la situación en la comprensión de las complicaciones en implantología oral. Esto ha permitido analizar de manera global tanto al individuo como a su entorno, y aportar soluciones basadas en la prevención. Sin embargo, el conocimiento y la utilización de estos aspectos en implantología oral están aún en vías de popularización, por lo que el objetivo del presente artículo es difundir el enfoque de los factores humanos y la conciencia de la situación en la prevención de complicaciones y en la reducción de riesgos en los procedimientos de colocación de implantes dentales. (AU)


In recent years, the percentage of dental implant placement has increased, and the presence of adverse events and complications are not uncommon. The vast majority of recommendations for reducing complications associated with dental implant placement are analyzed from the point of view of their direct causes, evaluating the technique and/or the individual, but not the system as a whole, being this the actual etiology of complications. The inclusion of human factors and situation awareness has recently gained increasing importance in oral implantology complications and has allowed global analysis of both the individual and the environment, providing solutions based on prevention. However, knowledge and use of these aspects in oral implantology are still in the process of popularization, and therefore, the objective of this article was to describe the human factors involved and situation awareness for preventing complications and reducing the risks associated with dental implant placement procedures. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Implants , Risk Assessment , Accident Prevention
4.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 9(6): 466-473, dic. 31, 2020. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1178940

ABSTRACT

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography and three intraoral radiographic systems in the detection of in vitro caries lesions. Material and Methods: One hundred teeth (46 molars and 54 premolars) were evaluated, including 176 proximal surfaces and 90 occlusal surfaces, with or without dental caries lesions. Digital images of all teeth were obtained using specific intraoral radiographs, VistaScan DürrDental®phosphor-plate radiography, XIOS XG Sirona® digital sensor radiography, and CBCT I-CATTM. Observers evaluated the images for the detection of caries lesions. The teeth were clinically sectioned and stereomicroscopy served as a validation tool. The relationship of sensitivity and specificity between all systems was determined through the ROC curve using Az values. Results: The values of the area under the curve (Az) selected for the CBCT I-CATTM system were 0.89 (0.84-0.93), for conventional radiography 0.71 (0.66-0.76), digital sensor radiography 0.74 (0.70-0.78) and digital radiography with phosphor-plates 0.73 (0.69-0.77). Statistically significant differences were found between the CBCT I-CATTM system and intraoral radiographic systems (p<0.01). The sensitivity and specificity values for the CBCT I-CATTM were 0.84 and 0.93 respectively. Conclusion: CBCT has a high sensitivity and specificity compared to intraoral radiographic systems for the diagnosis of dental caries lesions in vitro.


Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la precisión diagnóstica de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico y tres sistemas radiográficos intraorales en la detección de lesiones de caries in vitro. Material y Métodos: Se evaluaron 100 dientes, 46 molares y 54 premolares; 176 superficies proximales y 90 superficies oclusales, con o sin lesión de caries dental. Se obtuvieron imágenes digitales de todos los dientes utilizando radiografías intraorales convencionales, radiografía con placas de fósforo VistaScan DürrDental®, radiografía con sensor digital XIOS XG Sirona® y CBCT I- C ATTM. Tres observadores evaluaron las imágenes para la detección de lesiones de caries. Los dientes se seccionaron clínicamente y la estereomicroscopía sirvió como herramienta de validación. Se determinó relación de sensibilidad y especificidad entre todos los sistemas a través de la curva ROC utilizando valores Az. Resultados: Los valores de área debajo de la curva (Az) obtenidos para el sistema CBCT I-CATTM fueron de 0.89 (0.84-0.93), para radiografía convencional 0.71 (0.66-0.76), radiografía con sensor digital 0.74 (0.70-0.78) y radiografía digital con placas de fósforo 0.73 (0.69-0.77). Se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el sistema CBCT I-CATTM y todos los sistemas radiográficos convencionales y digitales (p<0.01). Los valores de sensibilidad y especificidad para el CBCT I-CATTM fueron 0.84 y 0.93 respectivamente. Conclusión: La CBCT tiene una alta sensibilidad y especificidad en comparación a los sistemas radiográficos intraorales en el diagnóstico de lesiones de caries dental in vitro.


Subject(s)
Humans , Radiography, Dental, Digital/methods , Dental Caries/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Peru , In Vitro Techniques , Molar/diagnostic imaging
5.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-192244

ABSTRACT

Background: Today, there are several diagnostic methods to determine the exact size and nature of periapical lesions. Furthermore, there are studies that described thickening of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus (MS) in patients with periapical lesions and demonstrated a causal relation. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the morphological variations of the MS floor (MSF) adjacent to chronic periapical lesions in molars and premolars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Twenty-five CBCTs with periapical lesions adjacent to maxillary molars and premolars were evaluated. A total of 50 maxillary sinuses were analyzed (12 males and 13 women) taking into account density changes within the sinus cavity. The thickening of the sinus mucosa and the periapical lesions was measured in a caudal-cephalic direction. The axial and sagittal axis was taken as reference on the sagittal and coronal sections. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square, Fisher exact, and the Mann–Whitney tests were used in this study. Results: A significant association between the size of the periapical lesions (>4 mm) and the presence of MSF affectation was found on sagittal and coronal views (P < 0.001). No significant differences between the presence or absence of periapical lesions and the thickening of the sinus mucosa were found (P = 0.241). The presence of opacification on the MS had no direct associations with the periapical lesions. Conclusions: Maxillary sinus floor affectation was associated with chronic periapical lesions >4 mm. The opacification or thickening of the sinus mucosa was not related with the periapical lesions.

6.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003815

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de las perforaciones corticales en regeneración ósea guiada (ROG) mediante resultados de histomorfometría obtenidos de estudios humanos y animales. Revisión de la literatura actual: Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica de estudios en humanos y animales en bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO y Google Scholar desde 1980 hasta mayo del 2017. Se utilizó la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: ((decortication of bone) OR (bone decortication) OR (alveolar decortication) OR (decortication) OR (decortications) OR (cortical perforation of bone) OR (cortical bone perforation) OR (cortical perforation) OR (cortical perforations) OR (intramarrow penetration) OR (marrow penetration)) AND ((guided bone regeneration) OR (guided bone augmentation) OR (bone augmentation) OR (osseous repair) OR (graft integration)). Discusión y conclusión: Se identificaron 65 artículos y sólo se seleccionaron 8. Cuatro estudios en animales mostraron influencia estadísticamente significativa al realizar perforaciones corticales. En 3 estudios en animales y en un estudio en humanos esta diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. Sin embargo, al realizar perforaciones existió mayor número de vasos sanguíneos y mayor formación ósea sin reacciones inflamatorias resaltantes ni impactos negativos. Las perforaciones corticales muestran beneficios en etapas tempranas de cicatrización influyendo significativamente en la angiogénesis incrementando la cantidad de hueso neoformado.


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of cortical perforations on guided bone regeneration (ROG) by histomorphometry results obtained from human and animal studies. Review of current literature: An electronic search of trials in humans and animals with histomorphometric evaluations was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO and Google Scholar databases from 1980 to May 2017. The following search strategy was used: ((decortication of bone) OR (bone decortication) OR (alveolar decortication) OR (decortication) OR (decortications) OR (cortical perforation of bone) OR (cortical bone perforation) OR (cortical perforation) OR (cortical perforations) OR (intramarrow penetration) OR (marrow penetration)) AND ((guided bone regeneration) OR (guided bone augmentation) OR (bone augmentation) OR (osseous repair) OR (graft integration)). Discussion and conclusion: Sixty five articles were identified and only 8 were selected. Four studies in animals showed statistically significant influence when performing cortical perforations. In 3 studies in animals and in 1 human study this difference was not statistically significant. However, when drilling, a greater number of blood vessels and a greater bone formation without inflammatory reactions or negative impacts were recorded. Cortical perforations show benefits in early stages of healing, influencing significantly in the angiogenesis, increasing the amount of neoformed bone.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Wound Healing , Blood Vessels , Bone Regeneration , Cortical Bone
7.
Arch. oral res. (Impr.) ; 7(1): 11-16, jan.-abr. 2011. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-667647

ABSTRACT

Objective: Recognize the alterations in the vestibular cortical structure of the mandible through a strictocclusal lower X-ray in postmenopausal women with lower mineral bone density (BMD). Materials andmethods: The sample consisted of 60 postmenopausal women, 28 with osteopenia and 32 with osteoporosis.Three specialists in oral and maxillofacial radiology evaluated the occlusal X-rays. The associationbetween BMD and vestibular cortical structure were assessed by X2 test. Results: Statistic significance wasfound (p = 0.006). Sensitivity and specificity were assessed for the osteoporosis group. ROC analysis showed82% sensitivity and 52% specificity. Conclusion: The strict occlusal lower X-ray can show changes in thevestibular cortical plate. This indicates BMD reduction and possible risk of osteoporosis.


Introdução: Reconhecer as alterações na estrutura cortical vestibular da mandíbula, por meio de uma radiografiaoclusal inferior, em mulheres na pós-menopausa com baixa densidade mineral óssea (DMO). Materiaise métodos: A amostra consistiu de 60 mulheres na pós-menopausa, 28 com osteopenia e 32 com osteoporose. Três especialistas em radiologia oral e maxilofacial avaliaram as radiografias oclusais. A associação entrea DMO e a estrutura cortical vestibular foi determinada pelo teste de X2. Resultados: Houve diferença estatística(p = 0,006). A sensibilidade e a especificidade foram avaliadas para o grupo de osteoporose. A análisede ROC mostrou sensibilidade de 82% e especificidade de 52%. Conclusão: A radiografia oclusal estrita demandíbula pode mostrar alterações na placa cortical vestibular. Isso indica redução da DMO e possíveis riscosde osteoporose.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Bone Density , Mandible , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal , Densitometry , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/physiopathology , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Factors , ROC Curve
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